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Fort of São João ((ポルトガル語:Forte de São João)), also known as Fort of Biscoitinho (for the lava rock formations along its coastal frontier), is a medieval fort, in the civil parish of São Mateus da Calheta, in the municipality of Angra do Heroísmo, on the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores. ==History== The redoubt was not identified in the early coastal defense plan resulting from the Portuguese succession crisis of 1580, nor in the 1581 defensive map elaborated by Tommaso Benedetto, which was executed by Ciprião de Figueiredo e Vasconcelos, corregador of the Azores.〔Francisco Ferreira Drummond (1859)〕 Similarly, the project was never elaborated by successive military commanders, including Sergeant-Major João António Júdice (1767), Infantry Captain Francisco Xavier Machado (1771-1772), or activities of Manoel Correa Branco (1776). Plans by José Rodrigo de Almeida, also lack any mention of this platform, during the period leading to the Liberal Wars (1818 to 1820), when Captain-General Francisco António de Araújo e Azevedo reinforced coastal defenses, repair and reconstructing several of the forts in the Azores. The first reference to this fort, then referred to as ''Biscoitinhos'' appeared in the 19th century, and may have mistakenly referred to the ''Redoubt of Poço'', then mentioned by Júdice (1767). More than likely it was confused with the ''Fort of Açougue'' ((ポルトガル語:Forte do Açougue)) ", and identified by Gaspar Frutuoso at the end of the 16th century. In the context of the Liberal Wars (1828-1834) the Fort of São João was repaired, leading to the 1862 reference by the Baron of Bastos, who reported that the fort was "a simple barbette with an 18-calibre; it has no lodging or magazine".〔Barão de Bastos (1997), p.272〕 By 1881, however, it had been abandoned and was in ruins. By the 20th century, the retaining walls of the redoubt were reinforced and consolidated by the parish council of São Mateus. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fort of São João (São Mateus da Calheta)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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